|
:''See also Children's Aid Society (Canada).'' Children’s Aid Society (CAS) is a private, child welfare nonprofit in New York City, founded in 1853 as the Orphan Train originator, by Yale College graduate,〔〔 Charles Loring Brace. With an annual budget of over $100 million, 45 city-wide sites, and over 1,200 full-time employees, CAS is one of America's oldest and largest children's nonprofits. CAS helps tens of thousands of disadvantaged, New York City children succeed annually, by providing comprehensive services of adoption and foster care, after-school and weekend programs, arts, camps, early childhood education, events, family support, medical, mental health, and dental, juvenile justice, legal advocacy, special initiatives, sports and recreation, and youth development programs.〔(Eckstein, Katherine. Testimony of Katherine Eckstein, Director of Public Policy, The Children’s Aid Society Prepared for the NY Education Reform Commission Public Hearing, New York City, October 16, 2012 )〕 ==History== In 1853, Children's Aid Society was founded by Yale College graduate and philanthropist, Charles Loring Brace, with financial support from New York businessmen and philanthropists,〔 to ensure the physical and emotional well-being of children, and provide them with the support needed to become successful adults. Brace was appalled by the thousands of abandoned, abused, and orphaned children living in the slums and on the streets of New York at the time. The only options available to such children at the time were begging, prostitution,〔 petty thievery, and gang membership,〔 or commitment to jails, almshouses, and orphanages.〔(The Children's Aid Society )〕 Brace believed that institutional care stunted and destroyed children. His view was only work, education, and a strong family life could help them develop into self-reliant citizens. Brace knew that American pioneers could use help settling the American West, and arranged to send the orphaned children to them. This became known as the Orphan Train Movement. The children were encouraged to break completely with the past and would arrive in a town where community leaders assembled interested townspeople for inspection and selection. The program was controversial, as some abolitionists viewed it as a form of slavery, while some pro-slavery advocates saw it part of the abolitionist movement, since the labor provided by the children made slaves unnecessary. Some Catholics viewed the program as anti-Catholic, as a significant percentage of poor children in Manhattan were Irish Catholic, and would be raised outside of their faith once transported into the interior of the country. In response, the Archdiocese of New York upgraded their own child-welfare programs, improving the parochial school system, building more Catholic orphanages, and creating a 114-acre (46-hectare) training center on farmland in the Bronx, which they called the Catholic Protectory.〔 p.783-784〕 From 1853 to the last train in 1929,〔 more than 200,000 children rode the "Orphan Train" to new lives. The Orphan Train Heritage Society maintains an archive of riders' stories.〔(Orphan Train Heritage Society )〕 The National Orphan Train Museum in Concordia, Kansas maintains records and also houses a research facility.〔(National Orphan Train Museum )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Children's Aid Society」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|